Everything died in eco global survival
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Investigation of different coastal processes in Indonesian waters using SeaWiFS data. Ocean Climate Change, Phytoplankton Community Responses, And Harmful Algal Blooms: A Formidable Predictive Challenge. Warming of the Eurasian Landmass Is Making the Arabian Sea More Productive. NOAA Ocean Explorer Website: Sanctuary Quest. Satellite color observations of the phytoplankton distribution in the Eastern equatorial pacific during the 1982-1983 El Niño. Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems. UNEP/GRID-Arendal Maps and Graphics Library. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(L19606). Response of diatoms distribution to global warming and potential implications: A global model study. Abandoning Sverdrup’s Critical Depth Hypothesis on phytoplankton blooms. Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Baringer (Eds.), State of the Climate in 2008. Accurate global mapping of phytoplankton taxonomic groups is one of the primary goals of proposed future NASA missions like the Aerosol, Cloud, Ecology (ACE) mission. These shifts in species composition may be benign, or they may result in a cascade of negative consequences throughout the marine food web. Shifts in the relative abundance of larger versus smaller species of phytoplankton have been observed already in places around the world, but whether it will change overall productivity remains uncertain. As the ocean has warmed since the 1950s, it has become increasingly stratified, which cuts off nutrient recycling.Ĭontinued warming due to the build up of carbon dioxide is predicted to reduce the amounts of larger phytoplankton such as diatoms), compared to smaller types, like cyanobacteria. Changes in water clarity, nutrient content, and salinity change the species that live in a given place.īecause larger plankton require more nutrients, they have a greater need for the vertical mixing of the water column that restocks depleted nutrients. Hundreds of thousands of species of phytoplankton live in Earth's oceans, each adapted to particular water conditions. These low-nutrient “marine deserts” appear to be expanding due to rising ocean surface temperatures. For example, ocean scientists documented an increase in the area of subtropical ocean gyres-the least productive ocean areas-over the past decade. Over the past decade, scientists have begun looking for this trend in satellite observations, and early studies suggest there has been a small decrease in global phytoplankton productivity. In the equatorial upwelling zone, there is very little seasonal change in phytoplankton productivity.
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As the winds reverse direction (offshore versus onshore), they alternately enhance or suppress upwelling, which changes nutrient concentrations. In lower-latitude areas, including the Arabian Sea and the waters around Indonesia, seasonal blooms are often linked to monsoon-related changes in winds. Phytoplankton use up the nutrients available, and growth falls off until winter storms kick-start mixing. With warm, buoyant water on top and cold, dense water below, the water column doesn't mix easily. As surface waters warm up through the summer, they become very buoyant. In the subtropical oceans, by contrast, phytoplankton populations drop off in summer. Recent research suggests the vigorous winter mixing sets the stage for explosive spring growth by bringing nutrients up from deeper waters into the sunlit layers at the surface and separating phytoplankton from their zooplankton predators. In high latitudes, blooms peak in the spring and summer, when sunlight increases and the relentless mixing of the water by winter storms subsides. Plans for the control and prevention of this cancer must be a high priority for health policy makers also, it is necessary to increase awareness of risk factors and early detection in less developed countries.Like plants on land, phytoplankton growth varies seasonally. Education of women is suggested in all countries for early detection and treatment. Breast cancer incidence in developed countries is higher, while relative mortality is greatest in less developed countries. According to GLOBOCAN, it is the most common cancer in women, accounting for 25.1% of all cancers. It was estimated that 1,671,149 new cases of breast cancer were identified and 521,907 cases of deaths due to breast cancer occurred in the world in 2012. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in the world using age-specific incidence and mortality rates for the year 2012 acquired from the global cancer project (GLOBOCAN 2012) as well as data about incidence and mortality of the cancer based on national reports. Information on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer is essential for planning health measures. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women around the world.